RightOffice

Arrábida Highway Bridge

2005-04-04T19:47:00.000-07:00

In Porto, Port., bridge (completed in 1963) spanning the gorge of the Douro River. The bridge carries a roadway 82 feet (25 m) wide, supported 170 feet (52 m) above the river; its overall length of 1,617 feet (493 m) includes a reinforced-concrete arch 885 feet (270 m) long, one of the largest in the world.

Dientzenhofer, Christoph And Kilian Ignaz

2005-04-04T04:45:00.000-07:00

Father and son, members of a large family of German architects, who were among the leading builders in Bohemian Baroque. Among their joint works are the Church of St. Nicholas (1703–11, 1732–52) and the Brevnov Monastery (1708–21), both in Prague. K.I. Dientzenhofer built the churches of St. Thomas (1725–31; a Gothic structure reworked into Baroque)

Sarcoidosis

2005-04-04T01:38:00.000-07:00

Systemic disease of unknown cause that is characterized by the formation of granulation (scarlike) tissue. Sarcoidosis often disappears spontaneously within two or three years but may progress to involve more than one organ. It is observed in the lungs, lymph nodes, eyes, salivary glands, muscles, liver, spleen, and the connective tissues of the nervous system. Skin

Albany

2005-04-03T07:21:00.000-07:00

City, seat (1853) of Dougherty county, southwestern Georgia, U.S. It lies along the Flint River at the head of navigation, about 90 miles (145 km) southeast of Columbus. Founded in 1836 by Colonel Nelson Tift, it was named for Albany, New York, and was early established as a leading cotton market. In 1857 a railroad connected it with Macon. Later, six other rail lines converged on the point to make it

Eberhard

2005-04-03T01:12:00.000-08:00

The brother of Conrad I, duke of Franconia and German king (911–918), Eberhard in 915 supported his brother's ineffectual action against the rebellious duke of Saxony, Henry the Fowler. On Conrad's death Henry became king as Henry I, probably at Conrad's wish. Eberhard renounced all claim to the kingship but in exchange became almost completely

Binswanger, Ludwig

2005-04-02T23:10:00.000-08:00

Swiss psychiatrist and writer who applied the principles of existential phenomenology, especially as expressed by Martin Heidegger, to psychotherapy. Diagnosing certain psychic abnormalities (e.g., elation fixation, eccentricity, and mannerism) to be the effect of the patient's distorted self-image and his inadequate

åland Islands

2005-04-01T10:17:00.000-08:00

Swedish Åland Skärgård, Finnish Ahvenanmaa, archipelago comprising Ahvenanmaan autonomous kunta (commune), southwestern Finland. The islands lie at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia, 25 miles (40 km) east of the Swedish coast, at the eastern edge of the Åland Sea. The archipelago has a land area of 590 square miles (1,527 square km) and consists of about 35 inhabited islands, 6,500 uninhabited islands, and many rocky reefs. The bedrock

New Hampshire, Flag Of

2005-03-31T09:54:00.000-08:00

The seal of New Hampshire was adopted in 1784 following the Revolutionary War. On December 28, 1792, a regulation was adopted by the legislature that required regiments in the state militia to carry the national flag and regimental colours displaying the state seal. More than a century passed, however, before the adoption of a state flag for general purposes. The 1909 flag law provided

'alavi, Buzurg

2005-03-31T05:59:00.000-08:00

'Alavi was educated in Iran, and in 1922 he was sent to Berlin, where he learned German and translated a number of German works into Persian. Upon returning to Iran, he taught at the Industrial College of Tehran and became involved with a group of Iranian socialists. He was imprisoned

Armistice

2005-03-30T16:01:00.000-08:00

An agreement for the cessation of active hostilities between two or more belligerents. Generally, the terms, scope, and duration of an armistice are determined by the contracting belligerents. An armistice agreement may involve a partial or temporary cessation of hostilities—called a local armistice or truce—established for a variety of specific purposes, such

Fullerton

2005-03-30T05:36:00.000-08:00

City, Orange county, southern California, U.S. Laid out in 1887 and named for George H. Fullerton, it developed as a citrus centre after the arrival of the Santa Fe Railroad in 1888. Residential and industrial growth has kept pace with the rapid development of the county since World War II. Fullerton College was founded in 1913, Pacific Christian College in 1928, and the California State University

Rare-earth Element, Sources and extraction

2005-03-29T20:30:00.000-08:00

Though numerous minerals rich in rare earths are found in the Earth's crust, many are extremely rare, and many more are found only in small pockets in more massive rocks. Although such minerals are of considerable research interest they are not used commercially. Monazite, a mixed phosphate of calcium, thorium, cerium, and various lanthanides, occurs in extensive deposits

Cystitis

2005-03-28T22:18:00.000-08:00

Acute or chronic inflammation of the urinary bladder. The bladder, the storage sac for urine, is lined with a mucous membrane and is highly resistant to infection. Occasionally, however, infections arise from such neighbouring organs as the kidneys and (in females) the vagina and urethra and (in males) the urethra and the prostate. Other conditions such as obstructions,

Sea Cave

2005-03-28T07:38:00.000-08:00

Cave formed in a cliff by wave action of an ocean or lake. Sea caves occur on almost every cliffed headland or coast where the waves break directly on a rock cliff and are formed by mechanical erosion rather than the chemical solution process that is responsible for the majority of inland caves. Zones of weakness in the cliff give way under the force of the waves and

Wang Meng

2005-03-28T00:37:00.000-08:00

Wang was a grandson of another famous Yuan dynasty painter, Zhao Mengfu, whose wife

Waitz, Georg

2005-03-26T20:51:00.000-08:00

German historian who was the founder of a renowned school of medievalists at the University of Göttingen. As the leading disciple of Leopold von Ranke's critical methods, he is regarded as the ablest of the German constitutional historians; many consider him to be superior to his teacher in exactness of

Rome, March On

2005-03-25T15:09:00.000-08:00

Widespread social discontent, aggravated by middle-class fear of a socialist revolution and by disappointment over Italy's meagre gains from the

Spondee

2005-03-25T01:02:00.000-08:00

Metrical foot consisting of two long (as in classical verse) or stressed (as in English verse) syllables occurring together. The term was derived from a Greek word describing the two long musical notes that accompanied the pouring of a libation. Spondaic metre occurred occasionally in classical verse. It does not, however, form the basis for any English verse, as there

Spondee

2005-03-24T17:33:00.000-08:00

The gray whale attains a maximum length of about 15 metres (49 feet). It is gray or black, mottled with white, and has short yellow baleen with coarse bristles. There are two (rarely more) lengthwise grooves on its throat. Instead of

Amis And Amiles

2005-03-24T00:35:00.000-08:00

The tale, probably of Oriental origin, was introduced to the West by way of Byzantium and found its way into French literature through

Southeast Asia, History Of, Reappearance of regional interests

2005-03-23T01:27:00.000-08:00

After the end of the 17th century, the long-developed polities of Southeast Asia were pulled into a Western-dominated world economy, weakening regional trade networks and strengthening ties with distant colonial powers. In the early years of independence these ties often remained strong enough to be called neocolonial by critics, but after the mid-1960s these partnerships

Social Behaviour In Animals, Dominance hierarchies and division of labour

2005-03-22T21:30:00.000-08:00

Social interaction in time and space is sometimes shown to the ethologist by patterns of following and leadership, although neither of these is necessarily social; following occurs in a dog tracking a rabbit, and leading is seen in an anglerfish luring a smaller fish for dinner by dangling a fleshy protuberance on the snout. In the Eurasian red deer (Cervus

Graça Aranha, José Pereira Da

2005-03-22T14:41:00.000-08:00

Brazilian novelist and diplomat, best remembered for his novel Canaã (1902; Canaan, 1920), in which he explored the conflicts of the Brazilian ethnic melting pot through the varied perspectives and problems of two German immigrants. With its philosophical digressions and lyrical descriptions, Canaã, a “novel of ideas,” was influential in

Sea Mouse

2005-03-21T07:31:00.000-08:00

Sea mice are usually 7.5–15 centimetres (3–6 inches) long; however, some attain a length of 30 centimetres (12 inches). The slightly arched back is covered with a dense mat of hairlike setae about 2.5 centimetres (1 inch) long. The sea mouse burrows and creeps

Eguren, José María

2005-03-20T22:48:00.000-08:00

His first book of poetry, Simbólicas (1911; “Symbolisms”), signaled a break with the Modernismo tradition, while still maintaining contacts with the Romantic and early French Symbolist poets who had influenced the Modernist movement. Eguren's often fantastic creations reflect his

Leonardo Pisano

2005-03-19T19:29:00.000-08:00

English Leonardo of Pisa , original name Leonardo Fibonacci medieval Italian mathematician who wrote Liber abaci (1202; “Book of the Abacus”), the first European work on Indian and Arabian mathematics.

Zamenhof, L.l.

2005-03-19T16:45:00.000-08:00

A Jew whose family spoke Russian and lived in an environment of racial and national conflict on the Polish-Russian borderland, Zamenhof dedicated himself to promoting tolerance, mainly

Hyperparathyroidism

2005-03-19T08:11:00.000-08:00

Abnormal increase in the secretion of parathyroid hormone by one or more parathyroid glands (see parathyroid gland). The oversecretion is usually caused by a tumour or enlargement of parathyroid tissue and results in elevated blood and urine calcium, elevated urine phosphorus, and low-to-normal blood phosphorus. The excess calcium is withdrawn from the bones,

Ritchie, Michael

2005-03-18T04:49:00.000-08:00

American film director (b. Nov. 28, 1938, Waukesha, Wis.—d. April 16, 2001, New York, N.Y.), directed a number of notable films, including The Candidate (1972), Prime Cut (1972), and Smile (1975). Ritchie achieved prominence with his first feature film, Downhill Racer (1969), which starred Robert Redford. Redford later played the title role in The Candidate. Among Ritchie's other films were The Bad News Bears (1976), Fletch (1985), and The

Paulownia Sun, Order Of The

2005-03-17T17:35:00.000-08:00

The badge, suspended from a green

Talbiyah

2005-03-17T08:44:00.000-08:00

In Islam, the formulaic pronouncement labbaykah allahummah labbaykah (“at your service, O Lord, at your service”), recited especially during a pilgrimage when pious Muslims perform the tawaf—i.e., walk around the sacred shrine of the Ka'bah. The question whether the talbiyah is obligatory or merely a commendable tradition has been much discussed, but Muslim theologians have

Kaminaljuyú

2005-03-17T07:50:00.000-08:00

Historic centre of the highland Maya, located near modern Guatemala City, Guat. The site was inhabited from the Formative Period (1500 BC–AD 100) until its decline after the Late Classic Period (c. AD 600–900). About 200 burial sites from the Late Formative Period (300 BC–AD 100) have been uncovered. From the Early Classic Period (c. AD 100–600), a number of more elaborate tombs containing Teotihuacán-style pottery have been

Davel, Jean-abraham-daniel

2005-03-16T21:06:00.000-08:00

Annexed by Bern in 1536, the Vaud had long chafed under the administration of Bernese bailiffs when in 1723 Davel became the focus of discontent. Claiming divine inspiration and envisioning a Christian revival, he led

Nore, The

2005-03-16T18:09:00.000-08:00

Sandbank in the Thames Estuary, extending between Shoeburyness (north) and Sheerness (south), county of Kent, southeastern England. The Nore Lightship, anchored 4 miles (6 km) southeast of Shoeburyness, was the first to be established in English waters (1732). The Nore anchorage was much-used by the English fleet in the wars of the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1797 sailors at The Nore mutinied

Surduc Pass

2005-03-16T14:15:00.000-08:00

Also called Jiu Defile , or Jiu Pass Romanian Pasul Surduc pass, southwestern Romania. The Jiu River flows through the pass between the Vâlcan (west) and the Parâng (east) mountains, in the Transylvanian Alps (Southern Carpathians). The pass connects the Petrosani Depression (upper Jiu Valley) with the Plain of Oltenia. A road and the Bumbesti–Livezeni railway line, opened in 1947, follow the pass by means of 30 tunnels and several

Heterogeneous Reaction

2005-03-14T07:50:00.000-08:00

Any of a class of chemical reactions in which the reactants are components of two or more phases (solid and gas, solid and liquid, two immiscible liquids) or in which one or more reactants undergo chemical change at an interface, e.g., on the surface of a solid catalyst. The reaction of metals with acids, the electrochemical changes that occur in batteries and electrolytic

Schäuffelein, Hans Leonhard

2005-03-14T05:00:00.000-08:00

In 1509 Schäuffelein worked in the Tirol and later in Bavaria. There he painted the altarpiece for the Benedictine abbey

Devey, George

2005-03-13T22:24:00.000-08:00

Devey was educated in London and studied painting before he trained as an architect. His considerable, and exclusively domestic, practice included designs for lodges, cottages, and country mansions containing design

Theobald

2005-03-13T17:06:00.000-08:00

Theobald entered the abbey of Bec in Normandy, became prior (c. 1127), was elected abbot in 1136, and was chosen archbishop of Canterbury in 1138. From 1139 to 1143 he was overshadowed by Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester, who had secured the office of papal legate

Leng-hu

2005-03-12T11:51:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Lenghu, town, northwestern Tsinghai sheng (province), western China. Leng-hu is situated in the northwestern part of the Tsaidam Basin, to the southwest of Tang-chin Pass, which leads from the Tsaidam into western Kansu province and to the Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang. Leng-hu is one of the major centres of the oil fields developed in the Tsaidam Basin during the 1960s and

Melancholia

2005-03-12T01:20:00.000-08:00

A mental condition characterized by extreme depression (q.v.) and feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. It is especially a part of manic-depressive psychosis (q.v.).

Moran, George

2005-03-12T00:10:00.000-08:00

A childhood friend and, later, right-hand man of Dion O'Bannion, Moran and Earl “Hymie” Weiss inherited O'Bannion's gang in Chicago when the chief was killed in 1924. Moran became sole leader after Weiss was killed in late 1926. For the next three years Moran's gang and Al

West Bridgford

2005-03-11T02:29:00.000-08:00

Town, Rushcliffe district, administrative and historic county of Nottinghamshire, England. The town now functions largely as a residential suburb of Nottingham, which lies just to the northwest. West Bridgford's parish church was built in the 14th century. There is some modern light industry in the town. Trent Bridge cricket ground (one of England's most famous) and Nottinghamshire's

Segovia Aqueduct

2005-03-11T00:25:00.000-08:00

Byname El Puente (Spanish: “The Bridge”), water-conveyance structure built under the Roman emperor Trajan (reigned AD 98–117) and still in use; it carries water 10 miles (16 km) from the Frío River to the city of Segovia, Spain. One of the best-preserved Roman engineering works, it was built of some 24,000 dark-coloured Guadarrama granite blocks without the use of mortar. The aboveground portion is 2,388 feet (728 metres) long and consists of some

Aldrovandi, Ulisse

2005-03-09T23:19:00.000-08:00

After studying mathematics, Latin, law, and philosophy, Aldrovandi went to Padua in about 1545 to continue his studies. There he began to study medicine, the field in which he eventually earned a degree in 1553. On his return

Shabunder

2005-03-09T20:17:00.000-08:00

To handle the greatly increased commerce in the 15th-century Malacca sultanate, four shabunders were appointed

Pa-an

2005-03-09T09:43:00.000-08:00

Burmese Hpa-an town, southern Myanmar (Burma). Situated on the left bank of the Salween River, 27 miles (43 km) north of Moulmein (Mawlamyine), it has an airfield and is linked by road west to Thaton and across the Dwana Range to Thailand. Pop. (1983) 41,501.

Nebraska, Plant and animal life

2005-03-09T00:11:00.000-08:00

A wide variety of grasses originally covered Nebraska's prairies, and the slopes of the river valleys were well covered with deciduous trees. Cottonwood, elm, and some oak and walnut are found along the bluffs of eastern Nebraska, while conifers grow in the Wild Cat and Pine Ridge highlands and the Niobrara valley. The Nebraska National Forest in west central Nebraska

Shabunder

2005-03-08T00:06:00.000-08:00

Though beginning in the mid-1950s as a collection of various groups opposed to the government of President Diem, the Viet Cong

Henry Vii

2005-03-07T20:24:00.000-08:00

Also called (1457–85) Henry Tudor, Earl Of Richmond king of England (1485–1509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty.

Ear, Human, Transmission of sound by air conduction

2005-03-07T10:27:00.000-08:00

The outer ear directs sound waves from the external environment to the tympanic membrane (Figure 1). The auricle, the visible portion of the outer ear, collects sound waves and, with the concha, the cavity at the entrance to the external auditory canal, helps to funnel sound into the canal. Because of its small size and virtual immobility, the auricle in humans is less useful

George

2005-03-06T22:01:00.000-08:00

Byname George of Podebrady, Czech Jirí z Podebrad king of Bohemia from 1458. As head of the conservative Utraquist faction of Hussite Protestants, he established himself as a power when Bohemia was still under Habsburg rule, and he was thereafter unanimously elected king by the estates. A nationalist and Hussite king of a prosperous state, he incurred the enmity

Davenport

2005-03-06T01:55:00.000-08:00

In modern usage, a large upholstered settee, but in the 18th century a compact desk having deep drawers on the right side and dummy drawer fronts on the left side. The sloping top of the davenport concealed a fitted well, the front of which protruded beyond the drawers and was supported by a pair of columns on a base, or plinth. The back of the writing area was normally flat

Performing Arts, Latin America.

2005-03-06T00:51:00.000-08:00

The Brazilian director Walter Salles, Jr., enjoyed worldwide success with Central do Brasil (Central Station), the story of a mean old spinster who unwillingly discovers her own resources of humanity through an encounter with an irresistibly appealing little orphan boy. In marked contrast was the visionary style of Djalma Limongi Batista's fantasy biography of

Loyalty Islands

2005-03-05T19:07:00.000-08:00

French Îles Loyauté, limestone coral group in the French overseas territory of New Caledonia, southwestern Pacific Ocean. Comprising the islands of Ouvéa, Lifou, and Maré (qq.v.), the group has a total area of 761 square miles (1,970 square km) and nowhere rises higher than 300 feet (90 m). The islands were sighted by Europeans early in the 19th century and were long a focus of Anglo-French conflict. Annexed by France

Arakcheyev, Aleksey Andreyevich, Graf (count)

2005-03-04T22:12:00.000-08:00

The son of a minor landowner, Arakcheyev studied at the Artillery and Engineering Corps

Achaean

2005-03-04T09:59:00.000-08:00

Greek Achaios, any of the ancient Greek people, identified in Homer, along with the Danaoi and the Argeioi, as the Greeks who besieged Troy. Their area as described by Homer—the mainland and western isles of Greece, Crete, Rhodes, and adjacent isles, except the Cyclades—is precisely that covered by the activities of the Mycenaeans in the 14th–13th century BC, as revealed by archaeology. From

Gaul

2005-03-04T06:55:00.000-08:00

By the 5th century BC the Gauls had migrated south from the Rhine River valley to the Mediterranean coast. By the middle of the 4th century

Fisher, Saint John

2005-03-03T10:42:00.000-08:00

Ordained priest in 1491, he won the patronage of Lady Margaret Beaufort,

Space Charge

2005-03-02T18:04:00.000-08:00

Electrical charge distributed through a three-dimensional region. In an electron tube, for example, a negative charge results because electrons that are emitted from the cathode do not travel instantaneously to the plate (anode) but require a finite time for the trip. These electrons form a cloud around the cathode, the cloud being continually depleted by electrons

Quant, Mary

2005-03-01T22:40:00.000-08:00

Quant attended Goldsmith's College of Art, London, and spent two years designing hats for the Danish milliner Erik. In partnership with her husband and

Nitrobenzene

2005-03-01T19:12:00.000-08:00

Nitrobenzene was first prepared in 1834 by the German chemist Eilhardt Mitscherlich, who treated benzene with

Montcalm (de Saint-véran), Louis-joseph De Montcalm-grozon, Marquis De

2005-03-01T13:40:00.000-08:00

In the War

Ascot

2005-03-01T10:52:00.000-08:00

Locality, Windsor and Maidenhead unitary authority, geographic and historic county of Berkshire, England, known for its racecourse on Ascot Heath. The Royal Ascot meeting (initiated in 1711 by Queen Anne) lasts four days each June and is traditionally attended by the British sovereign. A major social and fashion event, it has lent its name to the ascot, a type of broad neck

Spotlight: Latin America's New Transportation Links

2005-02-28T20:54:00.000-08:00

By 1998 the common market concept within Latin America, as exemplified by Mercosur (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, with Chile and Bolivia joining as associate members), several bilateral trade agreements, and the rejuvenation of the Andean Community and the Central American Common Market, was contributing to a diminution of old geopolitical rivalries in

Amboise

2005-02-28T05:40:00.000-08:00

The town was first mentioned in 504 as Ambatia, when on the isle of Saint-Jean (now Île d'Or), Clovis, king of the Franks, met

Cola Dynasty

2005-02-27T23:23:00.000-08:00

The legendary king Karikalan was the common ancestor through whom small Deccan and Andhra families called Cola or Coda claimed a connection with the Uraiyur

Hardinge (of Lahore And Kings Newton), Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount

2005-02-27T01:40:00.000-08:00

Hardinge entered the army in 1799 and, during the Napoleonic Wars, served with distinction as a staff officer in the Peninsular War (1808–14). In the Hundred Days (1815), he was a brigadier general with the Prussian army at the Battle of Ligny and

Caesar, Julius

2005-02-25T21:41:00.000-08:00

Caesar changed the course of the history of the Greco-Roman world decisively and irreversibly.

Peter The Venerable

2005-02-25T18:19:00.000-08:00

Peter joined Bernard of Clairvaux in supporting Pope Innocent II, thereby weakening the position of the antipope, Anacletus II. After Peter Abelard's

Spotlight: Latin America's New Transportation Links

2005-02-25T18:02:00.000-08:00

Any of four species of toothless insect-eating mammals found in tropical savannas and forests from southern Mexico to Paraguay and northern Argentina and Paraguay. The four species are long-tailed animals with elongated skulls and tubular muzzles. The mouth opening of the muzzle is small, but the salivary glands are large and secrete

Rhys, Ernest Percival

2005-02-25T01:57:00.000-08:00

Although ill health interrupted his education, Rhys showed early promise and an innate love of books. In 1886 he became a poet and free-lance critic and editor in London.

Shariqah, Ash-

2005-02-24T23:54:00.000-08:00

English Sharjah constituent emirate of the United Arab Emirates (formerly Trucial States, or Trucial Oman). Some of ash-Shariqah's interior boundaries are only presumptive, but its main portion is an irregularly shaped tract, oriented northwest–southeast, stretching about 60 miles (100 km) from the Persian Gulf (northwest) to the central inland region of the Oman promontory (southeast).

Harsch, Joseph Close

2005-02-24T00:25:00.000-08:00

American newspaper and broadcast journalist who, during his 60-year career with The Christian Science Monitor, was noted for his presence at many of the period's most historic events and for his vivid reporting of those events; Great Britain's Queen Elizabeth II made him an honorary C.B.E. in 1965 (b. May 25, 1905, Toledo, Ohio--d. June 3, 1998, Jamestown, R.I.).

Vyshinsky, Andrey Yanuaryevich

2005-02-23T14:05:00.000-08:00

Vyshinsky, a member of the Menshevik branch of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party since 1903, became a lawyer in 1913 and joined the Communist Party in 1920. While teaching at Moscow State University and practicing

öz Beg

2005-02-22T16:29:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Uzbek, in full Ghiyath Al-din Muhammad Öz Beg Mongol leader and khan of the Golden Horde, or Kipchak empire, of southern Russia, under whom it attained its greatest power; he reigned from 1312 to 1341. Öz Beg was a convert to Islam, but he also welcomed Christian missionaries from western Europe into his realm. Öz Beg encouraged the predominance of the princes of Moscow among his Christian vassals; his name survives

Avesta

2005-02-22T03:51:00.000-08:00

Industrial town in the southeastern corner of Dalarna län (county), central Sweden, on the Dal River at the Storforsen and Lillforsen rapids. It lies within the ore-producing Bergslagen region. Avesta was first chartered in 1641 but lost its charter privileges in 1686 and was not rechartered until 1919. Its copper refinery began operation in 1636; in 1644 a mint was established in the town

Clare, John

2005-02-22T02:53:00.000-08:00

Clare grew up in extreme poverty and began work as a herder at the age of seven. Though he had little access to books, he had a prodigious memory, and his poetic gift, which revealed itself early, was nourished by his parents' store of

Suchet, Louis-gabriel, Duke (duc) D'albufera Da Valencia

2005-02-22T00:55:00.000-08:00

The son of a Lyon silk manufacturer, Suchet originally had intended to follow his father's business; but, having in 1792 served as a volunteer in the cavalry of the national guard, he manifested military

Shiga Kiyoshi

2005-02-21T22:01:00.000-08:00

Shiga graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1896. Two years earlier he had begun work with Kitasato Shibasaburo, who had discovered the tetanus bacillus. In 1899 Shiga was appointed laboratory director at the Institute for

Nicaea, Council Of

2005-02-20T04:01:00.000-08:00

(325), the first ecumenical council of the Christian church, meeting in ancient Nicaea (now Iznik, Tur.). It was called by the emperor Constantine I, an unbaptized catechumen, or neophyte, who presided over the opening session and took part in the discussions. He hoped a general council of the church would solve the problem created in the Eastern church by Arianism, a heresy first

Argentina, Climate

2005-02-19T13:44:00.000-08:00

Argentina lies almost entirely within the temperate zone of the Southern Hemisphere, unlike the rest of the continent to the north, which lies within the tropics. Tropical air masses only occasionally invade the provinces of Formosa and Misiones in the extreme north. The southern extremes of Argentina, which extend to 55° S, also have predominantly temperate conditions,

Andersonville

2005-02-19T06:43:00.000-08:00

In the summer of 1863 the U.S. federal authorities ended an agreement

Urticales

2005-02-18T20:53:00.000-08:00

Nettle order of dicotyledonous flowering plants, the largest order in the subclass Hamamelidae. The order includes a diversity of plant types that range from small herbaceous species to large trees. Among the members are stinging nettles; mulberry, fig, and elm trees; hop vines; and the hemp, or marijuana, plant.

Anticlericalism

2005-02-18T07:24:00.000-08:00

Three principal

Welland Canal

2005-02-18T07:16:00.000-08:00

Waterway in southern Ontario, Can., that provides navigation for large vessels between Lake Erie to the south and Lake Ontario to the north and forms an important link in the St. Lawrence Seaway. The canal was necessary because the Niagara River, the natural connection between Lakes Erie and Ontario, has impassable falls and rapids. The modern Welland Canal extends

Cadmium Poisoning

2005-02-17T04:06:00.000-08:00

Toxic effects of cadmium or its compounds on body tissues and functions. Poisoning may result from the ingestion of an acid food or drink prepared in a cadmium-lined vessel (e.g., lemonade served from cadmium-plated cans). Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and prostration usually occur within 15 minutes after ingestion and subside within 24 hours. Inhalation of cadmium fumes in

Boiling Point

2005-02-16T19:58:00.000-08:00

At any temperature a liquid partly vaporizes into the space above it until the pressure exerted

Qayen

2005-02-16T07:09:00.000-08:00

The modern town is surrounded by

Outardes River

2005-02-15T23:18:00.000-08:00

French Rivière Aux Outardes, river in Côte-Nord (“North Shore”) region, east-central Quebec province, Canada, rising in the Otish Mountains and flowing southward for 300 miles (480 km) through Lake Plétipi to the St. Lawrence River, 18 miles southwest of Baie-Comeau. Named after the numerous wild geese for which it is famous, the Outardes River, with its many rapids and falls, attracted hydroelectric development

Hinduism, The Brahmanas and Aranyakas

2005-02-14T18:45:00.000-08:00

Attached to each Samhita was a collection of explanations of the rituals, called a Brahmana, which often relied on mythology to trace the origins and importance of individual ritual acts. Although they were not manuals or handbooks in the manner of the later Srauta Sutras, the Brahmanas do contain some detail about the performance and meaning of Vedic sacrificial rituals

Animals, The

2005-02-14T16:59:00.000-08:00

Five-piece rock group from northeastern England whose driving sound influenced Bob Dylan's decision, in 1965, to begin working with musicians playing electric instruments. The principal members were Eric Burdon (b. May 11, 1941, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, Eng.), Alan Price (b. April 19, 1942, Fatfield, Durham), Hilton Valentine (b. May 21, 1943, North Shields, Tyne and Wear), Chas Chandler (byname of Bryan

Powers, Delegation Of

2005-02-13T18:11:00.000-08:00

In law, the transfer of authority by one person or group to another person or group. For example, the U.S. Congress may create government agencies to which it delegates authority to promulgate and enforce regulations pursuant to law. More specifically, in U.S. constitutional law, delegation of powers refers to the different powers granted respectively to each of three

Lathrop, Julia Clifford

2005-02-13T14:53:00.000-08:00

Lathrop attended Vassar College, graduating in 1880. Over the next 10 years she worked in her father's law office and interested herself in various reform movements. In 1890 she moved to Chicago and joined Jane Addams at the newly established Hull House settlement.

Levi Ben Gershom

2005-02-13T10:15:00.000-08:00

In 1321 Levi wrote his first work, Sefer ha-mispar (“Book of the Number”), dealing with arithmetical operations, including extraction of roots. In De sinibus, chordis et arcubus (1342; “On Sines, Chords, and Arcs”) he presented an original derivation of the sine theorem for plane triangles

Santa Croce

2005-02-12T11:36:00.000-08:00

Church of the Franciscans in Florence, one of the finest examples of Italian Gothic architecture. It was begun in 1294, possibly designed by Arnolfo di Cambio, and was finished in 1442, with the exception of the 19th-century Gothic Revival facade and campanile. On many of the interior walls are masterpieces of Tuscan Gothic or proto-Renaissance painting: the Bardi and Peruzzi

New Britain

2005-02-12T02:00:00.000-08:00

Largest island of the Bismarck Archipelago, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in Papua New Guinea. It is situated 55 miles (88 km) east of the Huon Peninsula of eastern mainland New Guinea. Measuring 370 miles (600 km) long by 50 miles (80 km) at its widest, the crescent-shaped island has an area of approximately 14,100 square miles (36,500 square km) and a 1,000-mile (1,600-km) coastline bordered by reefs. From narrow coastal

Duck Lake

2005-02-11T23:55:00.000-08:00

Town, central Saskatchewan, Canada. It lies between the North and South Saskatchewan rivers, 33 miles (53 km) southwest of Prince Albert. Originally settled about 1870 on nearby Duck Lake, the town was the site of the first clash (March 26, 1885) of the Riel (North West) Rebellion between Métis (people of mixed American Indian and French or Scottish ancestry) led by Gabriel Dumont and a detachment

V.c.

2005-02-11T18:42:00.000-08:00

Recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest military award bestowed in Great Britain. See Victoria Cross.

Furniture, Chair

2005-02-10T06:12:00.000-08:00

Of all furniture forms, the chair may be the most interesting. While most other forms (except the bed) are intended to support objects, the chair supports man. The term chair is used here in the widest sense, from stool to throne to derivative forms such as the bench and sofa, which may be regarded as extended or connected chairs, and whose character (i.e., whether they are intended